六级模考(一)

时间：2007-07-06 来源：大学生英语四六级考试打印本文

Model Test One
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage of at least 150 words in the title of Foreign Fast Food. Please follow the outline given below.
1. 洋快餐受到了许多人（特别是青少年）的欢迎，这是因为……
2. 许多人反对吃洋快餐，是因为……
3. 你的观点。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Water Warnings
Urgent Tasks for China
Water has long been considered an inexhaustible resource. But China is facing an unmistakable water crisis, and recently, because of increasingly hard-to-miss symptoms of the shortage, people in all parts of society are beginning to realize just how precious commodity water really is.
At first glance, it seems like there should be enough: China's total supply of freshwater resources ranks sixth in the world, after Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States and Indonesia. But despite this apparent advantage, China's per capita water resources fall far below the world average of 7,600 cubic meters per-capita due to the country's enormous population size. China's per-capita amount of 2,200 cubic meters is expected to decrease further as the country continues its rapid economic growth and population expansion.
“Without excessively exploiting underground water, China has a water gap of nearly 40 billion cubic meters. The country's 320 million rural people aren't able to drink safe water and over 400 cities don't have sufficient water supply, 110 of which face a serious shortage,” Wang Shucheng, Minister of Water Resources, said recently.
Some water resources experts warn that the current shortage is no more than a warning signal, with a greater crisis yet to come. The Ministry of Water Resources issued a water crisis warning as early as November 2001. At the time it said that when the Chinese population peaks at 1. 6 billion in 2030, China's per-capita water resources could fall to 1,700 cubic meters, the internationally acknowledged level below which an area is said to be experiencing “water stress”.
Poor Natural Conditions
Scant water resources to slake the thirsts of a population of 1.3 billion, and the uneven geographical distribution of these resources, form the basis of water conditions in China.
Affected by monsoons (季候风), China' s precipitation (降水量) varies considerably among different seasons. The time of precipitation overlaps (交迭) with the hottest seasons, mostly in summer and autumn and scarcely in winter and spring. Generally, regions with the lowest precipitation levels receive it concentratedly only at certain times of the year, which easily gives rise to drought in spring and flooding in summer. Meanwhile, two thirds of China's water resources is comprised of runoff flooding, which means rivers often flood in the rainy season and dry up at other times.
China's water resources are also distributed geographically unevenly, inconsistent with the distribution of land, mineral resources and productivity. Generally, water resources are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country, and in mountainous areas. Annual precipitation amounts vary from more than 3,000 millimeters in the southeast to less than 50 millimeters in the northwest.
China is prone to floods and droughts, such as the severe drought that hit Chongqing and Sichuan in southwest China this summer, the country's worst in 50 years. While per-capita water resources in some areas of the north approach the level of the driest countries in the world, the water-rich south often suffers from seasonal droughts, which adversely affects rice, the major crop reliant on watering, as well as other cash crops. The last two decades have seen a nominal change in the country's surface water resources and total water resources. Yet due to factors such as global climate change and river drainage, and total water resources in south China are rising while water resources in the north are falling significantly.
A Series of Measures Adopted by Chinese Government
Against these difficult conditions, the Chinese Government has taken a series of measures to try and guarantee the basic water demands necessary for daily life and social and economic development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the state has built a total of 85,000 reservoirs, with a total reserve capacity of over 500 billion cubic meters.
Recently the government began to restore the longest canal in the world, built 1,400 years ago. The Grand Canal, which starts from the northern end of Beijing and ends in the southeastern city of Hang Zhou, near Shanghai, still runs today for 1,794 kilometers.
As well, the government has initiated a plan to build new canals to channel water from south to north, though the project also involves land requisition and the resettlement of people living along some parts of the proposed canals. The south to north water transfer project, China's largest ever water project, involves an estimated investment of 500 billion Yuan and proposes to move 44 billion cubic meters of water per year through three transfer canals, from the Yangtze River Basin to north China.
Serious Waste
For a long time, the phenomena of serious water shortage and low efficiency in water usage, or even waste of water, have coexisted in China.
In terms of efficiency of water usage in agriculture, China's average grain output per cubic meter of irrigation water is about 1 kilogram while that of advanced countries is 2.5 to 3 kilograms. For the time being, the majority of China's farmland is continuing to adopt the old method of flood irrigation. The amount of farmland using water conservation technologies in irrigation accounts for just 35 percent of the effectively irrigated farmland, as compared to over 80 percent in some developed countries.
In terms of water efficiency in industry, the major problem is a low recycling rate. Statistics from 2004 show that China's water consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP was 399 cubic meters, four times the world average level and eight times that of industrialized countries; for 10,000 yuan worth of added industrial value, China's water consumption was 196 cubic meters and China's recycling rate of industrial water was between 60 to 65 percent, while the figures for industrialized countries were below 50 cubic meters and 80 to 85 percent respectively.
The waste of water is particularly serious in people's daily lives. A large amount of urban wastewater from washing cars, watering grass or washing hair in salons flows away without recycling. According to rough estimates, 20 percent of China's urban tap water leaks due to aging pipes, which is more than double the amount in cities of developed countries. More and more Chinese people are drinking purified water instead of boiled tap water out of health concerns or for the sake of convenience. But few people know that some purified water manufacturers use outdated equipment and technology, meaning that only 1 ton of purified water is produced from 3 to 4 tons of source water.
Besides water waste, overuse of water is also exerting strains on resources. Some regions in northern China are actually using water required by the natural environment and ecological systems to sustain social and economic development. The number of cities and well irrigation areas in the countryside, which excessively exploit ground water, has grown from 56 at the beginning of the 1980s to more than 160 at present. The area of overuse has grown from 87,000 square kilometers to over 180,000 square kilometers, resulting in ecological disasters such as ground sinkage, water hardening and backflow of seawater.
Creating a Water-saving Society
Facing the harsh reality of the country's water situation, some Chinese cities have strived to conserve water. Cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao have built several model projects of producing renewed water from urban sewage, laying the foundation for promoting the production and use of renewed water in China.
“If further efforts in conserving water are made and one third of the water consumed by cities is recycled and reused, the amount saved would equal the total water amount of the newly built canal,” said Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of Construction.
Li Lifeng is the director of the fresh water project for the Beijing office of World Wildlife Fund (WWF), a global environmental conservation organization. He thinks China still needs to overthrow the traditional project-oriented management and usage models of water resources, implement measures of low-pollution production and ways of building a water-saving society, as well as take advantage of the ecological system in holding and cleansing water and preventing flooding.
Minister of Water Resources Wang Shucheng pointed out, “Building a water-conserving society, which consists of water conservation campaigns and enhancement of efficiency of water resources, is indispensable in guaranteeing China's sustainable development.”http://cet.stuun.cn

He explained that the efforts to build a water-conserving society go beyond promoting the conservation of water. Wang said that different from the traditional water conservation campaigns that focused mostly on water-saving projects, equipment and technologies and relied essentially on government's administrative means, building a water-conserving society mainly requires the formulation of mechanisms and economic incentives. He noted that through influencing the production process, China's economic growth mode could be transformed and the country put on a path of resources-friendly and environment-friendly development.

1. China's per capita water resources reach the world average of 7,600 cubic meters per capita.
2. The distribution of water resource is affected by geographical, weather and other conditions in China.
3. In the south of China the water is sufficient for the major crops.
4. The reservoirs that were built by China have the biggest reserve capacity in the world.
5. The majority of China's farmland adopts the old method of flood irrigation at present.
6. Building a water-conserving society is indispensable in guaranteeing China's sustainable development.
7. Water resources are concentrated in ________ of China.
8. The reservoirs built by China have a total reserve capacity of over ________.
9. The major problem of water efficiency in industry is a _________.
10. Besides promoting the conservation of water, building a water-conserving society mainly requires ________.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
11. A) Travel a lot when young. C) Change the idea of getting married.
B) Be more responsible for his home. D) Made up his mind to be married.
12. A) They didn't have a good talk. C) They weren't able to take a walk.
B) They decided to go by plane. D) They talked about geology.
13. A) He is not interested in the book. C) He has already read the book.
B) He'd like to read the book very much. D) He has borrowed the same book.
14. A) John was not at home when the woman called.
B) The woman dialed the wrong number.
C) John is a plumber.
D) John was too busy to come.
15. A) The train is crowded. C) The train is empty.
B) The train is late. D) The train is on time.
16. A) She didn't think it a success.
B) She was listening too attentively to the speakers.
C) She was puzzled by what the speakers said.
D) She had nothing to say.
17. A) She thinks it is of inferior quality.
B) She thinks it is overpriced.
C) She thinks it is a bargain.
D) She thinks it can be purchased a cheaper price else where.
18. A) He is satisfied with what Mary did.
B) He doesn't mind what Mary did.
C) He has forgotten that Mary borrowed his dictionary once before.
D) He is dissatisfied with what Mary did.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) The TV program C) The man's headache.
B) The appearance of Elizabeth. D) The mid-term examination.
20. A) He has nothing to do at that time. C) He doesn't have math stuff.
B) He just wants to have a break. D) He gets a hundred on the last test,
21. A) To study together. C) To call Elizabeth.
B) To go to Elizabeth's room. D) To watch TV together.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) Dr. Collin. C) A new type of fuel.
B) Spray cans. D) A test.
23. A) Because she is the assistant to Dr. Collin.
B) Because she wants to show off herself.
C) Because she has read a lot on DME.
D) Because she knew the man is absent from the class.
24. A) Because it's prohibited by the government.
B) Because it's more inefficient than other alternative fuels.
C) Because it will destroy the ozone.
D) Because it costs a lot to mass-produce.
25. A) Because the professor has told her to do so.
B) Because it's difficult to understand without notes.
C) Because there will be a test the next week.
D) Because she has borrowed the man's psychology notes.http://cet.stuun.cn

Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Childhood in his native home, Texas.
B) Working as congressional secretary in Washington.
C) Vacationing at his ranch in Texas.
D) Presidency in the White House.
27. A) He fed the dog happily.
B) He picked up the dog by the tips of its ears.
C) He sat in a chair with the dog dangling beside him.
D) He made people laugh by kissing the dog's ears.
28. A) He took the place of a president who resigned his position.
B) He had worked for 38 years in Washington DC till 1930.
C) He never lost the speech or manners of his hometown.
D) He kept two dogs in his ranch in Johnson City, Texas.

Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) Family phone numbers. C) Business phone numbers.
B) Government service phone numbers. D) Professional services phone numbers.
30. A) People can call you back if necessary.
B) You can dial a special number free.
C) You don't need to pay for long distance call.
D) You can get a credit coupon when you give the phone number.
31. A) He will find out the right number for you.
B) He will charge you less for the wrong number.
C) He will charge you no money for the wrong number.
D) He will tell you what the wrong number is.

Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) The students in Open University must have left school 20 years ago.
B) The students in Open University are at least 21 years old.
C) The students in Open University are only housewives.
D) The students in Open University have to pass the entrance examination.
33. A) At the airport.  C) Taking the air.
B) By plane.  D) On radio and TV.
34. A) 36.  C) 3.
B) 283.  D) 4 to 5.
35. A) In 4 or 5 years.  C) In 3 or 4 years.
B) In one year.  D) In 36 weeks.http://cet.stuun.cn

Section C
Life-style is the way a person lives work, leisure time, hobbies, other interests, and personal philosophy. One's personal life-style may be (36) ________ work, including few social activities. Another's may involve hobbies, (37) ________ activities, or personal philosophy.
There is little doubt that life-styles are changing and that these changes will have an (38) on the way business operates in the years (39) ________. Several factors are causing life-style changes in U.S. society.
First, there is more leisure time than ever before. The workweek is now less than forty hours, as (40) ________ to seventy hours a century ago. Some (41) ________ believe it will be twenty-five hours or less before the year 2000. Several firms have (42) ________ four-day workweeks with more hours per day. Others have cut the number of hours worked each week. Reduced work (43) ________ mean increased leisure time.
Second, families have fewer children than before (44) ________. This trend has forced many businessman to modify their competitive strategies. Gerber products Company used to advertise “babies are our business--and our only business”. (45) ________.
Third, people are better educated and more prosperous now than they were earlier. (46) ____________________________________________________. Inquiries of this nature have sometimes led to personal life-style changes.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Married parents tend to be of __47__ the same age. Husbands are usually older than their wives, but this difference in age has been gradually declining throughout the century from 4 years in 1900 to 2.5 years today.
Most people marry within their own social class. The reasons are obvious: we tent to live in class-segregated __48__ to meet mostly people of the same class, and to share class-specific __49__ and interests. Most marriages are between people __50__ the same religious faith. Religious bodies generally __51__ interfaith marriages, on the grounds that they may lead to personal conflicts, disagreements over the faith in which children should be __52__ and an undermining of belief in a particular doctrine. Husbands and wives generally have a similar __53__ level, and some degree of intellectual parity seems to be demanded by marital partners. The college campus is, of course, a marriage market in its own right, and college-educated people are especially likely to marry people of similar educational __54__ Members of racial and __55__ groups are more likely to marry within their own group than outside it. In particular, interracial marriages are extremely rare. Until the sixties, several states had laws __56__ interracial marriages, and such marriages still attract some social disapproval. Interracial marriages between blacks and whites are particularly unusual; in the majority of these cases, the husband is black and the wife is white.http://cet.stuun.cn

Section B
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren't for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the county. But how realistic is the dream?
Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up'. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous--cooped up (被限制) at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even say hello to each other.
Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may he among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There's little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.
What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off: the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters(影响)the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesn't come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two. they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind--they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.
What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. I'm keen on the idea, but you see there's my cat, Toby. I'm not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.

57. From the first paragraph, we know that the author ________.
A) used to live in the city  C) works in the city
B) used to work in the country D) lives in the country
58. In the author's opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT ________.
A) a sense of fear  C) housing conditions
B) lack of communication D) a sense of isolation
59. The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT ________.
A) daily necessities  C) designer clothes
B) fruits  D) vegetables
60. Which of the following best describes people who work in large cities and live in villages?
A) Normal.  C) Arrogant.
B) Original.  D) Insensitive.
61. Will the author move to the country?
A) Yes, he will.  C) It is difficult to tell.
B) No, he will not.  D) He is not sure.

Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of bricks a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must he dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars--the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.
The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined--in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light--to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute (细小的) openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas--water vapor--to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10, 000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80 F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates (碳水化合物).

62. A growing plant needs water for all of the following except________.
A) forming simple sugars  C) keeping green
B) keeping woody stems  D) producing carbon dioxide
63. The crucial function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is________.
A) to form sugars  C) to combine carbon dioxide with water
B) to preserve water  D) to derive energy from light
64. The second paragraph uses facts to develop the idea that________.
A) the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss
B) carbon dioxide is the essential for plant development
C) a plant needs more water than is found in its composition
D) a plant efficiently uses most of the water it absorbs
65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root.
B) The stems contain more water than the leaves.
C) Air around the leaf is found to be saturated.
D) Part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.
66. This main idea of the passage is________.
A) the formation of sugar
B) the role of water in a growing plant
C) the functions of carbon dioxide and water
D) the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide

Part V Error Correction (15 minutes)
Computers and electronic communications
are allowing many people to use their homes as
offices. And offices will never disappear entirely  67._________
Instead of the office of the future may become  68._________
more like home.
American managers whom want to get more  69._________
out of their white-collar workforce will be in for
a shock if we seek advice from Franc Becker, a  70._________
professor at Cornell University who studies the
pattern of office work. His advice is: companies
need to devote more office space to create places  71._________
like good-tended living rooms, where employees  72._________
can sit around in comfort and chat.
Mr. Becker is one of a group of academics
and consultants tried to make companies more  73._________
productive by linking new office technology to
better understanding of how employees work.  74._________
The forecasts of a decade ago--which computers  75._________
would increase office productivity, reduce
white-collar payrolls and help the remaining staff
to work better--has proved much too hopeful.  76._________

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
77. The human being _________________________________________ (向往一种成就感).
78. The government ________________________________ (通过货币贬值来暂时刺激出口).
79. Research on insects suggests that ____________________________ (细菌在动物进化过程中扮演着举足轻重的角色).
80. ________________________________________(由于电梯故障), everyone had to walk.
81. The word “workaholic” describes a person who is _______________ (沉迷于工作) as an alcoholic to liquor.

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六级模考(一)

时间：2007-07-06 来源：大学生英语四六级考试 打印本文

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时间：2007-07-06 来源：大学生英语四六级考试打印本文